terk-, trek- (tork-, trok-)

    terk-, trek- (tork-, trok-)

    English meaning: to turn

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “drehen”

    Note: probably extension from ter-3 “rub, drehend reiben”

    Material: O.Ind. tarkú- m. “ spindle”, niṣṭarkyá- “was sich aufdrehen läßt”; figurative tarkáyati “assumes, sinnt after”; Gk. ἄτρακτος m. f. “ spindle (figurative: Pfeil, sprit)” ἀ = n̥ “in”, as (‘stäbchen zum Aufdrehen”), ἀτρεκής “unverhohlen, geradeheraus” (“unumwunden”); Alb. tjerr ‘spinne” (*tērknō); Lat. torqueō, -ere, torsi, tortum “turn, winden, verdrehen, agonize” (qu is k + formant u̯, compare O.Ind. tarkú- “ spindle”), torquēs, torquis “ necklace as jewellery”, tormentum “Winde, manacle, Marterwerkzeug, Wurfmaschine” (*torqu[e]mentom), tormina “Leibschmerzen”, torculum “Drehpresse, Kelter”, nasturtium “Kresse” (*nüstorctiom “quod nasum torqueat”); Ir. trochal ‘schleuder”; perhaps Welsh torri “break, rupture” (*tork-s-), M.Bret. terryff ds.; O.H.G. drühsil “Drechsler”, Ger. drechseln, probably also O.E. Þrǣ stan “turn, zusammenwinden, press, afflict “ (as Gmc. *Þrēχsti̯an); if also O.Ice. Þari “Tang” (from *Þarhan-) actually “band, strap”? O.Pruss. tarkue “Binderiemen (am Pferdegeschirr)” lies tarkne = *tarkìnė; O.C.S. trakъ “band, strap, Gurt”, Russ. tórok m. ‘sattelriemen”, Pol. troki m. pl. ‘strap, Fesseln”; Toch. AB tsärk- “torment, smite”, A tark- “Ohrring”, В tärk- “turn”. A meaning “verdreht, quer” shows die with tu̯- anlautende family of O.H.G. dwerah, dwerawēr “ slantwise, quer”, Ger. zwerch, quer and M.H.G. twerge “Quere”, zwerg “quer”, O.E. ðweorh “ inverted “, O.Ice. Þverr “quer, obstructive”, Goth. Þwaí rhs “angry, irate”; the anlaut tu̯- is perhaps through hybridization with *tu̯er- “turn” to define.

    References: WP. I 735 f., WH. II 692 f., Trautmann 314, Vasmer 3, 125, Mayrhofer 1, 484 f.